In the 1990s, a new technology appeared on the market: air-jet spinning, the so-called Vortex … Wrapper-wild fibers: These fibers wrap around the core fibers in a different direction from the regular wrapping fibers. It is suggested that finer yarns require high ratio. Murata vortex spinning (MVS) is based on the already existing air-jet spinning technology by Murata but essentially differs in principle from the MJS method because of the geometry of the air-jet twisting device used (US Patent 5,528, 895, 25 June 1996). The highest wrapper fiber ratio of the three yarn types was obtained from MVS yarns. Compact spinning is one of the modifications of ring spinning process by the help of better integration of fibers into the yarn structure. The fiber bundle is condensed by air suction, and hence, this results better tensile properties for the same twist level, lower hairiness and better yarn evenness. Moreover, the yarns with higher proportion of cotton content are more hairy on account of the higher bending and torsional rigidity of cotton fiber, and flexural rigidity and abrasion resistance are considerably higher in yarns with higher polyester content [24]. Spinning is the most important and the initial step in fabric manufacturing. Vortex spun yarn consists in two-segmented structure which includes core and wrapper fibers which covers the core part of the fiber grouping the yarn body. Ring spinning is one of the most common spinning methods in the world. We are IntechOpen, the world's leading publisher of Open Access books. It was observed that the increasing ratio of regenerated cellulosic fiber content increases the hairiness values of vortex spun yarn. In that case, yarn evenness and the imperfection results were more pleasing because of the minimum risk of losing control of fibers. Ideal yarn structures of ring spun, Open-End rotor and MVS yarn were illustrated in Figure 6 [22]. The yarn delivery speed is important for the time of the fibers being exposed to the whirling force. This directly affects the number of wrapping fibers between the vortex spinning system and air-jet spinning system. Murata has developed MVS 810, MVS 81T, MVS 851, MVS 861 and lastly the MVS 870 model spinning machines. It can deliver yarn … Liu and Xu [31] studied a simple analytical formulation for the forces that determine the strength of the air vortex twist acting on the yarns during air-vortex spinning as a function of nozzle pressure, flow rate, the radius of the main nozzle in the horizontal plane, nozzle pressure, jet orifice angle, the number of the orifices, jet orifice angle, diameter of the jet orifice, and from the top of the twisting chamber to the spindle. Murata vortex spinning (MVS) based on the air jet spinning technol- ogy has become more and more popular because of high produc- tion speed. It is observed that MVS yarns have about 50–60% core fibers and remaining as wrapper or wild fibers. Schematic model of nozzle block and projection of the nozzle with jet orifices at section, respectively. The process takes a fiber mass (roving), reduces the mass through fiber drafting, inserts twist for strength, and winds the yarn onto a bobbin. Pei and Yu made a research about the airflow characteristics and the fiber dynamic behavior by using a two-dimensional numerical model consisting of the airflow-fiber interaction and the fiber-wall contact. In a sense, vortex spinning is the real rotor spinning. The MVS spinning frame has core-spinning capability. Certainly, the conventional ring spinning technique is currently the most widely used, accounting for an estimated 90% of the world market spinning machines [1]. Generally, fibers with higher strength should be used for spinning air-jet and vortex yarns. A three-dimensional grid and the realizable k-ε turbulence model are used in the simulation. They concluded that while working with high levels of the total draft using a heavy sliver, the better yarn evenness and thin place values are obtained as the intermediate draft gets lower. With the Muratec Spinning Tension Stabilizing (STS) system, yarn is sent directly from the spinning chamber to the friction roller, without a nip roller in the system. The researcher captured the images of the tracer fibers which were transferred to a computer later. Vortex Spinning. It is obvious that as the ratio of regenerated cellulosic fiber increases, the length of wrapping fibers will increase depending on the increased mean fiber length. And for further researches in order to improve vortex yarn quality, CFD can be used for optimizing the nozzle design [30]. DETAILS ABOUT POLYESTER FIBERS Sohel Hossain B.Sc in Textile Engineering The People's University of Bangladesh Email: smasud39@gmail.co... An Overview of the Chemical Sector in Bangladesh Md. The yarn samples were evaluated on the basis of yarn irregularity and imperfections, as well as hairiness and tensile properties. One of the distinctive features of the system from the Murata vortex spinning system is the connection of sliver condensers, nozzle and the yarn quality sensor with the traversing device. This version allows the core yarns production with higher delivery speed of up to 450 m/min. VORTEX is a high-quality yarn with a rich combination of functional and fashionable features. Ring spinning is the oldest type of fiber spinning still in use. The fiber length and length distribution influence the fascinated structure. By Gizem Karakan Günaydin and Ali Serkan Soydan, Submitted: March 9th 2016Reviewed: November 28th 2016Published: March 1st 2017, Home > Books > Vortex Structures in Fluid Dynamic Problems. It should be noted that at high delivery speeds, the fiber loss and the yarn quality problems may probably appear. Also airflow-fiber-nozzle interactions at the yarn formation area have to be analyzed carefully for the quality improvement of vortex yarn spinning. All forementioned fiber groups were observed in vortex spun yarn; however, belly-band fibers were hardly seen. The yarn produced by this system is called Comforjet®. The trial of MJS yarn production of pure cotton and the polyester/cotton blend with 83% of cotton ratio was not successful. Carding process is called the heart of yarn spinning where fibers are opened and cleaned up to individual fiber level which decides the quality of final product. [14] made a study concerning numerical computation of a flow field affected by the process parameters of Murata vortex spinning. Initially only the man-made fibers could be used as the raw material; later, it was improved for cotton yarn spinning as well. Tyagi et al. Belly-band fibers: These fiber groups are the main body wrapping fibers composed of either core or wrapper fibers. A streamline starting from the nozzle inlet is also acquired. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. These studies reveal that the nozzle air pressure directly influences the fiber configuration and the yarn structure. They concluded that increase in nozzle distance causes an increase in long regular wrappings and number of wrapper fibers due to increase in the amount of fibers with Open-End configuration, while decrease in tight regular wrappings. Before the sliver from the drawframe is supplied to the air-jet spinner, combing is often used, as it is imperative to get rid of any dust or trash that could obstruct the spinning jets. These are twisted on a two-for-one twister to obtain a plied vortex yarn. Vortex Spinning System and Vortex Yarn Structure, Vortex Structures in Fluid Dynamic Problems, Hector Perez-de-Tejada, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/67076. And the resultant yarn was more hairy with longer hairs [12]. Since fiber separation occurs everywhere in the outer periphery of the fiber bundle, a higher number of wrapper fibers are obtained with jet-spun yarns. By the help of the A Nikon SMZ 1500 microscope with a DXM 1200 digital camera, they investigated the side visual assessment of the yarn structures [7]. The researches added that the selection of jet orifice angle which should be comprised of several factors also affected the flow characteristics. Barium Activity Number (BAN) | Mercerization Test ... Slitter Machine | Object and Function of the Slitt... Vortex Spinning Process | Principle of Vortex Spin... Compactor Machine | Function of Compactor Machine ... Stenter Machine | Function of Stenter Machine | Wo... Shout Out at Felt | Manufacturing Process of Felt, Mechanism of Dye Fixation Processes in Fabric. After the departure of trailing ends from the nip point, they pass through the spiral fiber passage, and they twine over the hollow stationary spindle due to the whirling force of air-jet stream and become the wrapping fibers [5]. They succeeded to produce yarns from 100% polyester and polyester/cotton blends with the MVS system; however, MVS yarn production with the 100% cotton was not possible. There might be some degree of inclination with respect to the yarn central axis. It is a process in which the input material to the spinning system is highly drafted, ideally to the individual fiber state. However, they were inclined to turn into irregular wrappings at very high level of nozzle air pressure [12]. Tyagi and Sharma studied the influence of processing variables delivery speed, nozzle distance, yarn linear density and yarn composition on the structural parameters of polyester/cotton yarns spun on Murata Vortex Spinner (MVS). The wear of the spindle increased with an increasing working period. But in 100% polyester yarn production, the MVS and the MJS yarn groups had the same strength. This leads to the production of a spun yarn with more of a ring-spun-type appearance and also with higher tenacity [2]. Tyagi et al. Vortex-spun yarn has a … At constant air speed, the delivery speed should be reduced [15]. Today the latest development in air-jet spinning technology is the Murata vortex spinning (MVS) technology, which was firstly introduced at Osaka International Textile Machinery Show in 1997 (OTEMAS ’97) by Murata Machinery Ltd [2]. This was explained as a risk for the leading end of the fibers to be more easily pulled out from the vortex spun yarn and for the fiber loss and more thin places in the yarn [18]. Vortex spinning has become a modern alternative method to ring and rotor spinning. Hence, the proportion of tight wrappings increased. There are many different spinning systems in textile technology. A basic air-jet spinning system is shown in Figure 9.12. D-49419 Wagenfeld / GERMANY . The fiber arrangements of the RS, OERS and MVS yarns, including the MVS yarn with the tracer fibers were observed carefully. In the other study of Tyagi et al., they stated that lower hairiness was provided with the high nozzle air pressure up to a certain limit. This air-jet device includes a nozzle block with injectors for the generation of swirl flow, a needle holder, a hollow spindle and a guide member. [19] investigated the effects of various spindle diameters and the spindle working period on the properties of 100% viscose MVS yarns. Vortex spinning can be viewed as a refinement of jet spinning, or a natural development in fasciated yarn technology. twisting. In addition, a 3rd passage draw frame sliver with a yarn count of 3.19 ktex was spun into yarns of 14.76 tex using two different delivery speeds: 350 and 400 m/min. Hence, a yarn similar to MJS yarn with parallel core fibers mostly but fewer open-ended fibers was observed. Ideal yarn structures of ring spun, Open-End and MVS yarn, respectively [7]. The rotation of the strand causes the fibers to adopt helical forms and increase the number of turns of twist. In this system, there is also a regulator connected for adjusting the compressed air pressure to the set value. The tracer fibers were grouped according to their configuration. This greatly. Basal and Oxenham investigated some process parameters including the nozzle pressure. Air-jet spinning passes through the air-jet nozzle to make the strands rotate at a speed of about 2500 r/min and undergo vortex torsion, so that the exposed free fiber ends on the surface of the yarn wrap the yarn body to form a wrapped yarn, as shown in Figure 1. The front part of the fibers enters the tube of the spinning tip and creates the core of the yarn. The highest ratio of wild fibers in MVS yarns was observed in the wrapping fibers instead of the core fibers. It was observed that increasing the nozzle pressure led to the increment of the axial and tangential velocity The fiber bundling receiving higher twist with the pressured air caused the yarn becoming much stronger but stiffer [10]. Additionally, as the yarn delivery speed increased, hairiness also increased for both levels of intermediate draft [16]. Needle holder with the guide member. By Héctor Pérez-de-Tejada, Rickard Lundin and Devrie S. Intriligator. In order of importance, these properties are as follows: Friction coefficients: “fiber-to-fiber” and “fiber-to-nozzle”. The spatial configuration and the influenced factors were analyzed. When the spindle has large diameter, the fiber bundle movement is not restricted, and wrappings become looser which means more hairy yarns. Vortex spinning technology was introduced by Murata Machinery. However, the elongation of the fibers also has to be considered since the high strength fibers have very low elongation for tight wrapping of the yarn core. So it is more difficult for the core fibers to bear the loads which results as the low tenacity [13]. There are also some studies related to comparison of air-jet spun yarns and vortex yarns. In another investigation, Leitner et al. There are some little innovations compared to the previous models. Another study was conducted by Zou et al. By this way, sliver/yarn is moved slowly over the defined range. Description of each classification depending fiber arrangement is explained below [7]: Core fibers: These fibers may be straight or inclined. One of the decisive features from the other air-spun systems is the profiting from the minimal fiber fly. They claimed that a high nozzle angle leads to higher tangential velocity, and in turn to higher twist which means more even and less hairy yarns. There is an air vortex between the front roller and the first nozzle which removes the twist and causes the edge fibers to be separated from the fiber bundle. When it comes to spindle working period, Ortlek et al. Vortex Spinning Process | Principle of Vortex Spinning System, History of Sri Lanka Textile and Apparel Industry, SWOT Analysis for the Apparel Industry of Sri Lanka, The Strategies View of Industrial Engineering and Its Discussion, Physical and Chemical Properties of Silk Fiber, List of Top Textile Universities/Colleges in Europe For Higher Study/Education in Textile Engineering, Study on Air Permeability and Porosity of Fabric, Report on Changing Market Dynamics in the Global Textiles and Apparel Market, An Overview of the Textile Chemical Sector in Bangladesh, Different Types of Shedding Mechanism in Weaving Process. In that figure, L denotes the distance between front roller and the spindle. has been boosted further with the development of compact spinning, resulting in much less yarn hairiness thanks to its reduced, or compact, spinning triangle. Added to that in short distance between the front roller nip point and the spindle ensures less hairiness and leaner appearance [10]. In addition, they stated that there aren’t major changes in tenacity and breaking elongation values of fine count vortex spun yarns [21]. Built by scientists, for scientists. Besides, the fiber separation from the bundle occurs everywhere in the entire outer periphery of the bundle. These are double sided machines with 100 spinning units with delivery speed up to 500 m/min. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. Twist insertion starts as the fiber bundle receives the force of the compressed air at the inlet of the spindle. Core fibers’ orientation has a big impact on the stress-strain behavior of the yarn. A renaissance in the historical development of air-jet spinning started with the MJS machine of the Japanese company Murata Machinery Ltd (Murata Jet Spinner). MVS 861 spinning machine: (a) the general view of the machine, (b) the yarn spinning unit. We share our knowledge and peer-reveiwed research papers with libraries, scientific and engineering societies, and also work with corporate R&D departments and government entities. Weighting of Silk | Object of Silk Weighting | Sil... Production Calculation of Circular Knitting Machine. The most featuring characteristic of, the vortex spinning is that it is capable of spinning, 100% cotton fibers at very high speed (450m/min), and the produced yarn has a structure much similar to, In the MVS system a sliver is fed directly to a 4-line drafting unit. Especially, a decrease in spindle diameter from 1.3 to 1.2 mm resulted in a significant increase in the yarn unevenness value. The machine application range covers 100% polyester, combed cotton, cellulosic fibers, microfibers and different blends including man-made fibers in the yarn count range from Ne 20 to 70. Based on the simulation, the principle of yarn formation of MVS is discussed. This produces a large number of open-trail end fibers. Hundred percent viscose drawing slivers of three different counts (3.94, 3.19 and 2.68 ktex) were spun into yarns with a count of 14.76 tex while keeping all other spinning conditions constant. They explain the effect of the jet orifice angle “θ” on the flow field inside the nozzle block is quite complex, and different “θ” values result in variations in the tangential, axial and radial velocities.